Linux / Ubuntu 11.10 Commands Cheat Sheet (For Beginners)

Here are a list of Linux / Ubuntu commands I use regularly so you may find them useful also, especially as a beginner to using Ubuntu.

I am currently running Ubuntu 11.10.


PUSHING A LOCAL FILE TO A REMOTE SERVER
scp file.zip username@hostname.com:/path/on/server/

CHMOD FILES UNDER A DIRECTORY TO 644 (-RW-R--R--)
sudo find /path/to/directory -type f -print0 | xargs -0 sudo chmod 644

CHMOD DIRECTORIES UNDER A DIRECTORY TO 755 (DRWXR-XR-X) (Includes Directory)
sudo find /path/to/directory -type d -print0 | xargs -0 sudo chmod 755

INSTALLING SOFTWARE
sudo apt-get install inkscape

LIST NETWORKING HARDWARE
sudo lshw -C network
lsmod
ifconfig -a
iwconfig

SOLVING SLOW INTERNET SPEED PROBLEM (Ubuntu 10 - 11)
(Where "iwl3945" is the wireless driver, found with sudo lshw -C network)
1. gksudo geany /etc/modprobe.d/iwl3945.conf
OR gksudo geany /etc/modprobe.d/iwl3945-disable11n.conf
2. options iwl3945 disable_hw_scan=0
OR options iwl3945 11n_disable=1

APACHE/MYSQL
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 start
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 stop
sudo /etc/init.d/mysql start
sudo /etc/init.d/mysql stop
service mysql start
service mysql stop

SSH SECURE SHELL
ssh -l username hostname

LIST PROCESSES
ps -e

KILL A PROCESS
killall -9 appname/process name

SCHEDULED SHUTDOWN/RESTART (24 Hour Clock)
sudo shutdown -P HH:MM (SHUTDOWN at HH:MM)
sudo shutdown -r now (RESTART NOW)

SYNCING LOCAL TO REMOTE SERVER
rsync --progress --ignore-times --delete -rvz /path/to/local/folder/ username@hostname:/path/to/remote/folder/

SYNCING REMOTE TO LOCAL SERVER
rsync --progress --ignore-times --delete -rvz username@hostname:/path/to/remote/folder/ /path/to/local/folder/

COPYING A DIRECTORY
cp -r dir1 dir2

REMOVING A DIRECTORY
rm -rf directory

RENAMING A DIRECTORY
mv test hope

CREATING A FILE
touch new.file
cat > new.file
contents
Control + D to complete

UNZIP/UNRAR/UNTAR
unzip file.zip
unrar e file.rar
tar xvf something.tar
tar xvfz something.tar.gz

AVG ANTIVIRUS COMMANDS (Install Linux version first through www.avg.com)
avgcfgctl, avgctl, avgdiag.sh, avgdump, avgscan, avgspmctl, avgupdate, avgvvctl